Keywords
CSR Typology
China
Manufacturing Sector
Sustainable Business Practices
Stakeholder Engagement
Business Performance
Strategic CSR
Cluster Analysis
How to Cite
Abstract
This study develops a data-driven typology of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies among Chinese manufacturing firms. Using cluster analysis, companies were categorized into three groups: CSR Leaders, CSR Developers, and CSR Minimalists. The findings show that firms with comprehensive CSR engagement achieve stronger financial performance, operational efficiency, and reputational strength. CSR Developers demonstrate moderate success through selective investments, while CSR Minimalists face greater sustainability risks. The study highlights how industry characteristics, ownership structure, and external pressures shape CSR adoption patterns. It offers practical insights for businesses, policymakers, and investors seeking to enhance CSR effectiveness in China’s evolving market landscape.
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